对理性的寻求
文/汉斯.古根海姆
戈雅对理性、自由以及普遍真理的寻求使他的艺术超越时空。使他的观点正如他初次在铜版上刻下时般犀利而无可辩驳。这套《战争的灾难》具有极其特殊的历史，在西班牙内战时期为共和政府集资从原刻板中印出125套作品运往伦敦，其中100套毁于战火。本次展览的一套因为留在西班牙而得以幸免。
《对将来的悲哀预见》是这套版画中的第一张。在这幅作品中，他不但想展示他亲眼所见战争的恐怖并且揭示其灾难性后果。在《战争的灾难》中杀人与被杀者，在他们的本性中都同时具有承受与施加痛苦的能力。戈雅用以下的两张作品结束了《战争的灾难》：《真理已经死亡》和《她会再次起来吗？》。在他最后的作品中他再次肯定了他对人类理性的信心，他期望人类最终会超越他们自身的激情、贪婪与残酷。戈雅与儿童的作品共同展出正是基于我们对戈雅这一信心的认同。戈雅生前曾经多次谈论教育，儿童画在这次展览中的出现亦是对戈雅的缅怀。我们在这里展示的儿童艺术是极其特别的，它们来自世界上那些被血腥与战火分裂的地区和国家。许多儿童画作品也来自我们的展出地南京——这个在日本侵华战争中经历了大屠杀的城市。正是在这样一个城市中，战争的疤痕永远不会完全消失，而人们对理性的追求正如整个世界对理性的追求一样，将会是永远的。
The Art of Reason
By/HANS GUGGENHEIM
Goya’s search for reason,liberty and universal truth,and his faith in the centrality of the individual has given his art a timelessness that makes his comments as sharply and irrefutably real today as they were when he first etched them in copper. Our edition has a remarkable history.Printed from the original plates during the Spanish Civil War in an edition of 125 sets,in order to raise funds for the Republican government,it was sent to London.There 100 sets were destroyed during a bombing attack.Our copy had been left behind in Spain and survived.
Sad Forebding of What Will Happen is the first etching in Goya’s great cycle.In his etching Goya intent to show not only the horror of war he had witness first hand,but to point to the consequences.The people who kill or are killed in Disaster of War are individuals capable of suffering and of inflicting suffering.Goya consluded the Disasters with two etchings: Truth Is Dead,and Will She Rise Again?It is in the very last etching that he reaffirms his belief in human reason,in the hope that men and women,can rise above their passion,greed and brutality.It is because we share Goya’s faith that we are showing his work together with children’s art from around the world.Already his great circle of aquatints ,the Capricios(1799) Goya had commented repeatedly on Education and would have been delighted to see his work in company of children’s art.The art we are showing is special.It came from the children from Macedonia ,a country deeply divided by bitter and bloody conflict,children from the Jewish War Veteran Association of St Petersburg,from Turkey, and children from Poland who had visited Lublin Jewish cemetery and were searching to make sense .we would also like to have the artwork of children from Nanjing, a city that survived the Nanjing Massacre during the Japanese invasion of China ,one of the most abhorring war disasters in recent human history.Although happened more than fifty years ago ,war stories are still being told from older to the younger generations in thousand of families , nightmares still occurring in children’s dreams .In this very city ,the scar probably will never completely disapper , and the search for reason,like for the rest of the world ,will become forever.
后记
文/俞淳
这次戈雅与儿童画的展览源于一次偶然的相识。几年前我在波士顿的一次中国画家的展览中认识了古根海姆先生。古根海姆先生是一位人类学家及艺术家，曾在麻省理工和哈佛大学执教，他当时正在为世界上受战争困扰地区的儿童开办艺术学校。我当时正将完成我在麻省理工生物医学方面的博士后研究，并开始英文诗歌创作。我们基于一种瞬间对互相生活目的的认同而成为忘年好友。
后来，在与南京的艺术家们的交谈中，我提及古根海姆先生所收藏的西班牙艺术大师戈雅的作品以及他开办的儿童艺术学校。此后的两年中，经大家共同努力，促成了此次在南京博物院的展览。
我们用艺术，无论绘画或诗歌，记录过去的灾难是为了同样的灾难不再重演。在南京这个经历了大屠杀浩劫的城市，忘记过去是对前人所付出的生命的一种漠视，而一味沉湎于记忆与仇恨之中，则又是对我们自身生命及未来的疏离。在对过去的记忆以及对未来的思索中，我们对理性的寻求也许是唯一的出路。而人类的进程或许永远是一种争取和平的不懈努力。
EPILOGUE
By /YU CHUN
The Exihibion of Goya and Children’s Art started from a small incident .A few year ago ,I met Dr.Guggenheim in an art exhibition in Boston by visiting Chinese artists . Dr.Guggenheim is an anthropolpgist and artist.He taught at both MIT and Harvard and was establishing art schools for children in war-troubled areas around the world .I was finishing my postdoctoral fellowship in biomedical engineering at MIT and had just started writing poetry in English.Due to an instantaneous understanding of each other’s purpose in life we became great friends .Later ,during my visit to China, I mentioned the collections of Goya and children’s art on war by Dr.Guggenheim to artists in Nanjing.The constant efforts from both sides during the two years after made this exhibition in Nanjing Museum possible.
In art ,visual or poetry ,we record tragedies of the past to prevent the same tragedies from being reoeated in the future. In Nanjing, a city that experienced the horror of Nanjing Massacre , to forget the past would be a waste of the lives the eatlier generations had paid : to linger in the past and hatred would be an indifference to our own life and future . Perhaps our only way out is to search for truth and reason in our memories of the past and contemplation of the future . And the progress of mankind will be a forever effort to flight for and prolong peace between violence.
写在展览之前
这里展出的是由美国著名人类学家和收藏家汉斯古根海姆先生收藏的西班牙艺术大师戈雅珍贵的81幅西班牙内战版的铜版画作品，作品大多反映战争及战争所带来灾难的作品。
戈雅是十八世纪至十九世纪西班牙最具影响的艺术大师。他以极其多产而又风格多变的创作影响了后来的 浪漫主义、现实主义、印象主义、以及象征主义和表现主义艺术。今天甚至许多当代艺术家作品都受其影响，戈雅几乎在整个绘画领域都有卓越的成就 ：油画、壁画、插图、石版画和铜版画。他的作品创作了无数令人难忘的艺术形象和极具表现力的艺术语言。在戈雅之前，艺术从未如此强烈和全方位地反映过当代政治生活和社会以及各种事件的生动联系，也从未强烈和深入地表现人类内心世界的激越、动荡，戈雅的艺术孕育着艺术的形态将要发生的裂变和多种可能性。如汉斯`古根海姆所说：“戈雅对理性、自由以普遍真理的寻求使他的艺术超越时空。使他的观点 正如他初次在铜版上刻下时般犀利而无可辩驳。”
和戈雅作品同时展出的还有来自世界战争地区和国家的儿童绘画作品，许多作品来自中国南京——这个曾在二战时期饱受创伤的城市。在这里我们把大师的作品和儿童绘画的作品同时展出，表现了无论在过去和今天，我们对战争以及战争所带来灾难的思考，就像在孩子们的绘画中流露出所表达了对世界和平、美好生活的期待和向往。在全球经济高度发展、人类文明进步的今天，整个世界仍面临着战争、恐怖主义的威胁（伊拉克战争、巴以冲突、“911”事件等）由此而给人类带来的伤痛是值得关注的，“呼唤和平”反映了整个全人类的心声。所以举办这个展览在今天是十分有意义的。
感谢南京博物院作为一个有责任感而迅于反应的艺术机构主办了这次展览，感谢汉斯`古根海姆先生无私地为在中国举办这个高水准的展览而提供的珍贵作品，感谢所有对本次展览提供帮助的机构和个人，尤其是那些天真的儿童为此次展览创作的美妙作品。
朱彤
2004．11．8．
PREFACE
This exhibition was made possible by American anthropologist Hans Guggenheim’s rare collection of eighty-one Goya etchings depicting the devastation of the Spanish Civil War.
Goya was an influential Spanish Master who lived during the 18th and 19th centuries. The breadth of his work and range in his style subsequently influenced romanticist, realist, impressionist, symbolist and expressionist art movements. In fact, many contemporary artists are still influenced by his work today. Goya was an accomplished artist in nearly all the artistic mediums of his time: oil painting, fresco, illustration, lithographs and etchings. His works present an array of arresting imagery and were created with expressive artistic language. Before Goya, art never so strongly reflected the vital relationship between contemporary political life, society and all kinds of world events. As well, before Goya, art never so intensely and deeply represented the inner heart of mankind and chaos. His work contains the seeds of possibility for the diversity that was about to appear in the art world. Goya’s search for freedom and rationality makes his art timeless and just as relevant as the first time he carefully and irrefutably etched into the copperplate.
The exhibition combines the works by Goya with children’s paintings from other regions of the world that have also experienced the traumas of war. Many of the works come from Nanjing, China; a city which suffered great devastation during the Second World War. The exhibition displays the great Master’s work and children’s paintings side-by-side to demonstrate that in both the past and present, we contemplate the consequences of such devastation. This idea radiates from the children’s paintings, which yearn for and anticipate world peace and a wonderful life. Even in today’s highly developed global economy and advanced society, humanity still confronts war, such as the war in Iraq, the Palestinian Israeli conflict and the 9 -11 attacks. The sorrow that this has brought to mankind is worthy of our consideration and a “call for peace” represents the wishes of all of mankind. Therefore in the present day these works remain extremely significant.
I express my deepest appreciation to the Nanjing Museum for being responsible for the timely organization of this exhibition and to Hans Guggenheim, who generously lent his rare works. I also express my deepest gratitude to all the individuals who offered help in the organization of this exhibition and especially to the children who created such beautiful artwork.
图片占位：http://img015.photo.wangyou.com/2005/1/8/42767/200511117650680.jpg